Observação importante: Ao visitarem esta página de novo, não se esqueçam de acionar o dispositivo de “reload, recarregar” [no Netscape Navigator] ou “refresh, atualizar” [no Microsoft Internet Explorer] dos seus browsers para que a informação no cache dos mesmos seja atualizada e vocês possam visualizar os novos dados colocados na página. Caso contrário, verão apenas informação antiga e desatualizada.
História da Língua Inglesa
The English Language
Words Borrowed from Other Languages
by Kryss Katsiavriades
Languages are listed in alphabetical order.
Click on a letter link below to find a language.
Notes in blue describe where the language is or was spoken.For each language, words are listed in alphabetical order.
Proper names begin with a capital letter.
Notes in green are explanations.
Notes in red are the exact meanings of the word.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
aardvark, apartheid (separateness), commando, scoff (eat voraciously), slim (small or inferior), springbok (a type of antelope), trek (journey by wagon), wildebeest
Akkadian (Extinct Language of the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires)
Babel (ancient city - from babul, gate of God), Babylon (ancient capital city - from babul, gate of God), cherub (gracious), dragoman (interpreter), Orion (constellation - from Uru Anna, light of heaven), ziggurat
Albanian (Albania, Kosova)
Carpathian (Eastern European Mountain Range - from karpë, rock)
Algonquin (North American Indian)
caribou, caucus, Massachusetts (US state - place near the big little hills), Missouri (US state - town of the large canoes ), moccasins, Oregon (US state - beautiful water), pecan, racoon, terrapin, tomahawk, wigwam (their house), Wisconsin (US state - grassy place), Wyoming (US state - place of the big flats)
American English (United States of America)
blizzard, hangover, hindsight, joyride, OK, radio, raincoat, rattlesnake, stunt, teenager, typewriter
Amharic (Ethiopia)
Negus (Ethiopian ruler)
Amoy (Eastern China)
tea, ketchup (fish brine)
Anglo-Saxon (Extinct Language of England)
Easter (goddess of Spring), Friday (from Frigga wife of the god Odin), Tuesday (from Tiw god of war), Thursday (from Thor god of thunder), Welsh (speakers of a strange language), Wednesday (from Odin god of inspiration), Yule
Arabic (Arabian Peninsula, Middle East, North Africa)
admiral, albatross, alchemy, alcohol, alcove (recess for a bed), alfalfa, algebra (reunion of broken parts), algorithm, alkali, amber, amulet, aniline, antimony, arsenal, artichoke, assassin, average (equitable distribution of losses due to damaged goods), ayatollah, azimuth, benzene (from Java - from a resin in an Asian tree) calibre (mould for casting metal), carat (weight of four grains), caraway, cipher, coffee, cork (bark), cotton, drub (beat), elixir, fakir, fellah (peasant), fez (named after its city of origin in Morocco), gala, garbage, garble, gazelle, genie, giraffe, goul (the same root as Algol), hashish, harem, hazard, henna, kismet (fate), lackey (footman), lime, loofah, lute, magazine, marzipan, mask (buffoon), mattress, minaret, mohair, monkey, monsoon (season), mosque, myrrh, nadir, pancreas, racket (for ball games - palm of hand), ream (bundle), safari, Sahara (desert), saffron, sahib (friend), satin (named after its city of origin in China), sequin (coin), sheikh (old man), sherbet, sheriff (noble), sofa, soda (headache - from plant used as a remedy), sultan, syrup (drink), tabby (from a district in Baghdad where striped cloth was made), talisman, tamarind (Indian date), tariff, wadi (dry river), yashmak (veil), zenith (pass over the head), zero, zircon
Aramaic (Extinct Language of Syria and Palestine)
Jesus (saviour)
Araucanian (Chilean Indian)
poncho
Arawak (Colombia and Caribbean)
cacique, iguana, tobacco
Avetsan (Extinct Language of Persia)
bronze, magic (sorceror), paradise (enclosed space)
Aymara (Bolivian Indian)
alpaca
polo (ball)
Bambara (Mali, West Africa)
juke (as in juke box found in a jook house, a brothel)
Basque (Northern Spain)
anchovy (dried fish), bizarre (beard), jingo (god - used in jingoism)
Beja (Sudan and Eritrea)
Beduin (from ti-bedaawye, the nomadic people who speak the language)
Bengali (Bangladesh and North East India)
Bangladesh (land of small houses), bungalow (from bangal, small house), dinghy (little boat), jute (fibre from the bark of an Indian tree used for making sacks), tom-tom
Breton (Western France)
bar, barracks, barrier, basin, billiards, branch, bravo, bribe, career, carol, carry, charge, chariot, cloak, gabardine, garrotte, gobble, gravel, hurt, job, packet, peg, pickaxe, pip, plug, pouch, putty, rock, rote, tan, valet
Byzantine Greek (Extinct Language of the Byzantine Empire)
diaper (white)
Cantonese (Southern China, Hong Kong, UK, USA)
chopsuey (mixed bits), cumquat, dim sum, gung ho, joss (luck), lychee, wok, yen
Carib (Caribbean)
barbecue, cannibal, canoe, caiman (a type of crocodile), macaw, maize, papaya, yucca
Catalan (North Eastern Spain)
cachalot (a sperm whale - big teeth), capsize, paella (sea-food and rice dish named after the pan it is cooked in)
Cherokee (North American Indian)
Sequoia (a large conifer tree)
Choctaw (North American Indian)
Alabama (US state - I clear the land), Oklahoma (US state - red people)
Cornish (Extinct Language of Cornwall in England)
gull, puffin
Cree (North American Indian)
chipmunk, Eskimo (eaters of raw flesh), Michigan (US state - big lake), moose, opossum, pow wow, Quebec (Canadian province - it is shut), Saskatchewan (Canadian province - rapid current), skunk, squash, squaw, Winnipeg (Canadian city - swamps)
Croatian (Balkans)
cravat
Cuna (Atlantic Coast of Panama)
Panama (abundance of fish)
Czech (Central Europe)
howitzer (catapult), pistol, polka (a dance), robot (forced labour), Semtex (explosive named after its place of origin)
dangle (symbolic formation), drip, fog, kidnap (take a child), ombudsman, rift, skulk, smile, tang (point - describing taste)
Dharuk (Australia)
barrack (jeer at), boomerang, budgerigar, dingo, koala, wallaby, wombat
Dutch (Netherlands and Belgium)
ahoy, aloof, amidships, avast, ballast, block, bluff (boast), boom, booze (drink much alcohol), boss (master), brandy, Brooklyn (New York District - a former Dutch colony), bully, bumpkin, bundle, cackle, caboose, cam, coleslaw, cookie, cruise, deck, decoy (entice), derrick (formerly a scaffold; named after a Dutch hangman), dock, dot, drill, drug, dyke (wall), easel, elope, etch, flout, fop, freight, frolic, fumble, funk, gallop, gas, glib, grab, growl, gruesome, grumble, guild, gulp, halibut, Harlem (New York District - a former Dutch colony), heckle, hoist, holster, Hottentot, hustle, jeer, kipper, knack, knapsack, landscape, ledger, litmus, lob, loiter, lottery, maelstrom, manikin, measles, morass, mumps, nib, offal, ogle, pamper, pickle, plug, plump, poll (counting by heads), pump, quack (prattle - a false doctor), ramble, rant, roster (list), rover (pirate), rumble, rumple, Santa Claus, scab, scone (fine bread), scour, sketch, skipper, sledge, sleigh, slip, slurp, smuggle, snack, snip, snoop, snuff (sniff), snug, sob, spa, spangle, splice (join ropes by interweaving), splinter, split, spook (ghost), stoker, stove, suds (marsh or swamp), trample, trawl (drag net), trigger (pull), tub, waffle, wagon, yacht (hunt), Yankee, Zealand
Egyptian (Extinct Language of Ancient Egypt)
alabaster, ammonia (camel dung - because burning camel dung produces ammonia), barge, bark, ebony, gum, ibis, ivory, oasis (dwelling area), paper (papyrus), sack
Etruscan (Extinct Language of Pre-Roman Italy)
April, attrium (entrance), baron (strong man), ceremony, cistern, Ides, January (from Janus the ancient Italian two faced god), mantissa, persona (mask), Rome (Italian city), Saturn
Evenki (Siberia)
shaman (priest)
Ewe (Nigeria)
voodoo
Faroese (Faroe Islands)
skua (a type of gull)
aubergine, azure, bazaar, biryani (fried), caravan, checkmate (The king is dead), dervish, divan, jackal, jar, jasmine, julep (rose water), khaki (dusty), kiosk, lemon, lilac, lime, ounce, pagoda (temple of idols), pistachio, pyjama, rhubarb, rice, rook (castle), sash (turban), scarlet, shawl (named after its town of origin in India), spinach, taffeta (shrine), talc, tambourine, tiara, tiger, turban
Finnish (Finland and North West Russia)
sauna
Flemish (Northern Belgium)
brick, duffel, hunk
Frankish (8th Century Central Europe)
chamberlain, coat, fiefdom (cattle owner), hose (leg covering), marshall (to look after horses), skate (run fast), wallop
French (France, Central Europe, West Africa, Caribbean, Indo-China)
a la carte, abattoir, ambulance (walking hospital), arson, attaché, ballet (little dance), bayonet (named after its place of origin), biscuit (twice cooked), bon vivant, cabaret, cache (hidden), camouflage (disguise), carte blanche, cartoon, chauffeur, corduroy (king's clothes), coup d'etat, coupon, courier, crayon, crochet, croquet, debris, denim (from Nimes), dentist, detour, diplomat, dossier (bundle of papers), en masse, en route, envoy, espionage, etiquette, fait accompli, faux pas, gaffe, gourmet, grape, hors d'oeuvre, laissez faire, lieutenant, macabre, margarine, marinade, maroon, mascot, mauve, mayonnaise (named after its place of origin), memoir, menu (list), mortgage, mutiny, nasal, niece, nomad, nouveau riche, omelette, panache, parachute, par excellence, picnic, pioneer, plaice (the flat fish), plaque, portrait (depict), promenade, publicity, queue, raffle, raison d'être, rapport, ratchet, rectangle, regal, regime, relay, renaissance (rebirth), rendezvous, reprimand, reservoir (reserve supply), resign (surrender), restaurant, revenue (return), ricochet, rifle (groove), risk, roast, rôle (from the roll of paper containing an actor's part), roulette (little wheel), rout (disorderly retreat), route (marching orders), routine, royal, sabotage (clatter with wooden shoes), sachet (little sack), salvage, satchel (little bag), sauce, saucer, sauté (tossed), saveloy (sausage made from brains), savoir faire, séance, sirloin, somersault (leap above), soufflé, soup, souvenir (memory), spiral, splendid, suède (from Sweden), sport, syndicate, tampon (wad for packing gun), tangerine (named after its city of origin in Morocco), tapestry, torture, traffic (trade), tranquil, trophy, unique, umpire, velocity, version, visa (things seen), wardrobe (look after garment), zany, zest, zigzag
banshee (woman of the fairy mound), bard (poet), blarney, bog (soft), bother (trouble), brat, brisk, brogue, caddy, cairn, clan (children), claymore, crag, dour, dune (heap), gab, galore (plenty), gob, glamour, glen (valley), golf, hooligan, keen, Kent (English county - white), lashings (abundance), leprechaun, loch, moniker (name), pet (tame animal, favoured), phoney, pillion (cushion), pony, puck, shamrock, shanty (old house), slob (slovenly), slogan, smashing (that is good), smidgen, smithereens (little bits), sporran (purse), spunk, Strontium, swap, Tory (outlaw), trousers, twig (understand), whisky (water)
Gaulish (Extinct Language of Pre-Roman France)
ambassador (drive around), beak, Bohemia (Central European Region), briar, bulge (hold-all), bushel, car, carpenter (wheel maker), carriage, cat, cream, Druid, furore (from a Celtic battle cry), garter (leg), lawn (open space between woods), league (a distance of three miles - 7.4 km), leaven, muzzle, Paris (French city named after a Celtic tribe), quay, truant (beggar), warren (fenced area)
German (Germany and Central Europe)
abseil, angst, Bismuth (white mass), blitz, brake (bridle - to stop a horse), clock, clown, dachshund, dollar, Dutch, edelweiss, feldspar, flak, Gestapo, hamburger (named after its city of origin), heroin, hex, hinterland, kindergarten (children's garden), lager, larch, luck, menthol, muffin, Nazi, nickel (named after the Devil), noodle, plunder, poodle, pretzel, quartz, rapier, rocket, rub, rucksack, sauerkraut, scoop, schadenfreude (taking delight in the misfortunes of others), shirk (scoundrel), sling, snorkel, sod (turf), stroll (wander), strudel, swindle, tackle (apparatus), vandal, veneer, vitamin, waltz, waylay, wrangle, Yiddish (Jewish), yodel
Greek (Greece, Cyprus, Middle East, Egypt)
academy, acrobat (walking on tiptoe), alphabet (the first two Greek letters, alpha and beta), amazon, amnesia (without memory), anonymous (without name), antipodes (opposite feet), anthropo- (man), anti- (opposite), aracno- (spider), aristocrat (best ruler), asbestos, athlete (contender for prize), attic, Australia (southern), auto- (self), barbarian, bar- (weight), bishop, buffalo, bio- (life), canopy (mosquito net), cathedral (seat), catholic (universal), cemetery (dormitory), ceramic, chorus (dance), Christ (anointed), chrono- (time), cosmos (all, everyone), crocodile, cryo- (cold), crypto- (hidden), cynic, democracy (state of the people), dinosaur (terrible lizard), diploma, dogma, drama, echo, economy (manage a house), ego (I), Egypt, epitaph (over the tomb), Ethiopia (hot face), Eucharist (thanks), Exodus (going out, exit), genesis (beginning), geo- (earth), gymnasium, gynae- (woman), gypsy, helicopter, helio- (sun), hemi- (half), hero, hetero- (different), hippopotamus (river horse), history, holocaust (entirely burnt), horizon, hydro- (water), idea, India, isotope (same place), Istanbul (City in Turkey - in the town), kilo- (thousand), litho- (stone), logarithm (account, addition), marathon (named after a battleground from where a messenger ran 26 miles (42 km) to bring news), mathematics (something learnt), martyr, meander (from a winding river now in Turkey), mechanic, mega- (big), melody, Mesopotamia (between the rivers), method (pursuit of knowledge), metropolis (mother city), micro- (small), mime, monarch (alone), moron (stupid), museum (home of the muses), myopia, myriad, mystery (secret ceremony), Naples (City in Italy - new city), nemesis, neural, nous (mind), obelisk, ocean, Olympic, orphan, ostracize (named after pieces of pottery on which the names of people to be exiled were written), paleo- (old), pandemonium (abode of all devils), panic (terror induced by the god Pan), panorama, paranoia (distracted), philosophy (friend of wisdom), philo- (friend), phono- (voice), photo- (light), Pluto, poly- (many), programme (public written notice), prophet, psalm, psycho- (spirit), pygmy, pylon, pyramid, python, rhinoceros (horned nose), rhythm, sarcasm (speak bitterly), scene (tent, stage), seismic, siphon (pipe), skeleton (dried up), sporadic (scattered seeds), stethoscope (see the chest), stigma (mark), strategy (military general), sycophant (show figs), symphony (same sound), synopsis (same view), syntax (same arrangement), tele- (far), theatre, theory (contemplation), therm- (heat), thesaurus, thesis, thorax, toxic (arrow), tragedy, treacle, tripod (three feet), tyrant, Uranus, -gram (letter), -graph (writing), -logy (study), -meter (measure), -nomy (laws), -phone (voice), -phobia (fear), -scope (see)
Guarani (Paraguay and Southern Brazil)
cougar, jaguar, Paraguay, Uruguay
Gujerati (North India)
tank (water well)
Guugu-Yimidhirr (Australia)
kangaroo
meringue
Hawaiian (Pacific)
hula, ukulele
Hebrew (Israel)
abacus, amen, bedlam, behemoth, cider, cinnamon, coral (pebble), elephant, gauze, gopher, hallelujah, Israel, Jew, jockey, jot, jubilee, jug, kibbutz, kosher, leviathan, manna, maudlin, messiah (anointed), Nimrod, rabbi (my teacher), Sabbath (rest), sapphire, Satan, sodomy
Hindi (North India)
bandanna (dyed cloth), bangle, basmati, Blighty (foreign - soldiers' slang for the homeland), cheetah, chintz, chutney, coolie, cot, cummerbund (close waist), cushy (happiness), dungaree, goolies (balls / bullets), Himalaya (abode of the gods), jodhpurs (riding breeches named after their town of origin), juggernaut (Juganath is the name of an Indian god whose image gets carried around the town in a huge cart once a year), jungle, loot, mahout (elephant driver), punch (five - from the five ingredients used), pukka (ripe), pundit (learned), samosa, sari, shampoo (massage), thug, toddy
Hottentot (South West Africa)
gnu
Hungarian (Central Europe)
coach (named after its town of origin), goulash (herdsman's meat), Hussar, paprika, sabre
okra (ladies' fingers - a vegetable)
Icelandic (North Atlantic)
eider (a type of duck - its feathers are used for eiderdown), geyser (fountain), narwhal (a type of walrus), saga, Viking (frequenter of sea inlets)
Inuit (Siberia and Alaska - The Eskimo Language)
anorak, husky, igloo (house), kayak (boat)
Iroquois (North American Indian)
Canada (village / settlement), Kentucky (US state - meadow land), Ohio (US state - beautiful water)
Italian (Italy)
a cappella, alarm (call to arms), allegro, aria, attack, balcony, ballot, bandit, bank (money lenders' table), bankrupt (broken money lenders' table - the table would be broken if the trader was unable to trade), broccoli, buffoon, canon (large tube), canteen, casino, colonel, concerto, confetti (little sweets), corridor, crescendo, desk (table), ditto (said), dome, escort, fascist (bundle - from the symbol of Roman inperial power), fiasco, fresco, gazette, ghetto, gondola (originally a cabin on an airship), graffiti, gusto, incognito, inferno, influenza, lava, libretto, lido (bathing place near Venice), macaroni, madrigal, maestro, Mafia, malaria (bad air), manager, mandolin, mezzanine (middle), Morocco (from Marrakesh), motto (saying), moustache, nepotism (from the word for nephew), opera (plural of opus - work), parasol (for the sun), partisan, piano (from pianoforte - soft loud), pizza, porcelain, portfolio, prima donna (first lady), propaganda, quartet, regatta (boat race), semolina, solo, sonata, soprano, staccato, stiletto (little dagger), stucco, studio, spaghetti (little strings), tarantula (named after area where found in Italy), tempo, torso (trunk), trio, umbrella (little shadow), vendetta, vermicelli (little worms), viola, violin, virtuoso, volcano
geisha, hara-kiri (belly cutting), judo (gentle way), ju-jitsu, kamikaze, karate (empty hand), kendo (sword way), kimono, origami, ninja, rickshaw, sake (rice wine), samurai, satsuma (a type of orange), shogun (great general), soy, sushi, tatami, tsunami (harbour wave), tycoon (great lord)
banjo
Kongo (Congo and Angola)
bongo, canary, chimpanzee, gorilla, marimba, zebra, zombie (the name of a snake god)
Korean (Korea)
tae kwon do (a martial art)
Latin (Extinct Language of Roman Empire)
advert, agenda, agitator, album, alias, alibi (elsewhere), animal, apex, aquarium, Aquarius (water bearer), arbiter, arena, Aries (ram), August (named after Augustus Caesar), autumn, axis, Britain, calendar (proclamation), Cancer (crab), Capricornus (horned goat), captor, cardinal, circus, creator, creditor, curator, curriculum, cursor, Cyprus (copper), data, discus, doctor, December (tenth month), educator, equinox (equal night), February (from a Roman winter festival), focus, forum, France (name of a tribe), fungus, Gemini (twins), genius, Germany (name of a tribe), Greece, habitat, igneous, ignoramus (we do not know), inch, index, inertia, inferior, innuendo, interior, joke (word play), July (named after Julius Caesar), June, junior, Jupiter (from Zeu-Pater, Father Zeus), Leo (lion), liberator, Libra (balance), London, March (from Mars), Mars, matrix, maximum, May, medium, memorandum, Mercury, merit, mile (thousand (paces)), minimum, miracle (wonder), momentum, monitor, moratorium (delay), motor, nebula (cloud), nectar, Neptune, nimbus (rain), November (ninth month), nubile (take a husband), nucleus, obese, occult (hidden), October (eighth month), omen, onus (burden), orbit, pantomime, parent, pastor, peninsula, picture, pirate, Pisces (fish), premium, prohibit, pronoun, quadrant, quarantine (forty days), quota, rabid (to be mad), radius, recipe (receive), referendum, refrigerate (cause to become cold), reign, relegate (send into exile), religion, republic, respect, rostrum, rota (wheel), rude (rough), saliva, Sagittarius (archer), salubrious (health), sandal, sartorial (patched), satellite (attendant), scale (ladder), Scorpio (scorpion), segment, senior, September (seventh month), series, silence, sinister (left), Spain (the Roman name of the region), species, spectator, spectrum, stadium, stet (let it stand - printing instruction to ignore deletions), stimulus, street (paved road), study, stupid, suburb (below the city), superior, table (plank), tacit (silent), tandem, tavern, terminus, torpedo (stiff), transport (carry across), triangle, trident (three teeth), ulterior, uniform, vacuum, valour (worth), vehicle, ventriloquist (belly speak), Venus, versus (towards), veto (I forbid), via, victim, victor, villa, violator, Virgo (virgin), virile (man)
Lithuanian (Baltic)
eland (a type of antelope), sable (a type of fur), silk (originally from a Manchurian word)
aye-aye (a type of lemur), raffia (a type of palm)
Malay (Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore)
agar, amok, bamboo, bantam, batik, cockatoo, compound (enclosure), gamelan, gecko, gingham, gong, junk (sailing vessel), launch (quick - a type of boat), mangosteen, orang-utan (man of the forest), paddy (rice growing area), pangolin (scaly ant-eater), rambutan, rattan, sago, sarong, satay
Malayalam (South India)
atoll, betel (a type of nut), copra (dried coconut), teak
Mandarin (Northern China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia)
char (slang for tea), Japan (rising sun), kowtow (bump head), kung fu (merit master), sampan (three sails), shanghai (on the sea), typhoon (big wind)
Maori (New Zealand)
haka (a war dance), kiwi (a type of bird), moa (a type of bird)
Marathi (Central India)
dhow (sailing vessel), chit (letter)
Maya (Yucatan and Guatemala)
cigar (smoke - cigarette is French for little cigar), shark
Miami (North American Indian)
Illinois (US state - warrior men)
Micmac (North American Indian)
toboggan
Minoan (Extinct Pre-Hellenic Mediterranean Language)
Taurus (bull - The same root as Minotaur)
Mohican (North American Indian)
Connecticut (US state - at the long tidal river)
Nahuatl (Mexico and Guatemala - The Aztec Language)
avocado (from ahuacatl, testicle), chocolate (choco is the name of the bean, atl is water), chilli, coyote, guacamole, Guatemala, Mexico (the Aztec war god), ocelot, shack, tomato
Navajo (North American Indian)
Utah (US state - upper land)
Nenets (Siberia)
parka (coat made of reindeer skin)
Nepali (Nepal and Himalayan India)
Gurkha (Nepalese regiment in British army - named after a Himalayan village), panda
Norman French (11th Century France and England)
adultery, archer, assault, asset , bacon, bailiff, beef, bucher (seller of goat flesh), chivalry, comfort, court, courtesy, cricket, crime, curfew, custard, dungeon, duty, eagle, elope, embezzle, error, exchequer, defeat, fashion, felony, fraud, gallon (jug), goblin, gourd, grammar, grease, grief, grocer, gutter, haddock, havoc, hogmanay, honour, injury, jettison (throw overboard), joy, justice, larceny, lavender, launch (hurl), lease, leisure, lever, liable, libel, liberty, liquorice (originally from a Greek root meaning sweet root), mackerel, mangle, manor, marriage, matrimony, mayhem, mutton, noble, noun, nurse, occupy, odour, parliament, pedigree (from pe de gru - crane's foot - because bird's feet marks resemble a family tree), penthouse, perjury, pinch, platter, pleasure, pocket (small bag), pork, profound, purloin, purveyor, push, quarter, question, quiet, quiver (arrow case), rape (take by force), reason, rebuke, rebut, recover, remedy, renown, rent, repeal, reprieve (send back), reprisal, retail, reward, river, royal, rummage, salary (salt - soldiers used to be paid with salt), salmon, scavenger (tax collector), scullery (maker of dishes), search, sermon, sewer (channel to carry off overflow from a fishpond), share, shop (cobbler's stall), slander, soil, sovereign, spawn, squirrel (little shadow tail), stubble (grain stalks), subsidy (support), suitor, surname, surplus, surrender, survey, survive, syllable, tally (mark on a stick), toil, treason, uncle, usher (door keeper), valley, veal, veil, vicar (assistant), vice, view, venison, virgin, vulture, wafer, waive, warden, wicket (gate), wreck
Norse (Extinct Language of the Vikings)
anger, axle (ox tree), bag, bait (cause to bite), berserk (warrior who fought with frenzied fury), birth, blunder (stumble around blindly), bore (wave), bulk (cargo), by-law (town law), call, cast, club (for hitting), crawl, creek, die, dirt, dregs, egg, get, gift, give, gosling, haggle, hit, husband (house owner), knife, lad (male servant), lathe, law, loose, low, mistake (take wrongly), muck, mug, oaf (goblin), odd, plough, raft, ransack, reindeer, root, ruck (pile), rune, scarf, scrap, scrape, seem (honour), skate (a type of fish), skill, skirt, skin, sky (cloud), slaughter, sleuth (trail), snub, stagger, steak (roast on a spit), stumble (trip), take, they, their, thrift, troll, ugly, wand, want, weak, whirl, whisk, window (wind eye), wing
Norwegian (Norway)
cog, dollop (shapeless lump), fjord, iceberg, krill, lemming, nudge, quisling (named after a collaborator during World War II), rig, silt, ski (split wood), slalom, walrus
Ojibwa (North American Indian)
Mississippi (US state - great river), Ottawa (Canadian province - bulrushes), totem
Omaha (North American Indian)
Nebraska (US state - river in the flatness)
Papago (North American Indian)
Arizona (US state - place of the small spring)
Phonoecian (Extinct Language of Ancient Mediterranian)
Bible (book - from Biblos, the port that exported paper to Greece), gypsum (plaster), purple (a dye made in Tyre, modern Lebanon)
Pictish (Extinct Pre-Celtic Language of Scotland)
Caledonia (Roman name for Scotland from name of a tribe), fife (small flute-like instrument)
Polish (Poland)
horde (camp), mazurka (a dance)
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique)
albino (white), Bossa Nova (Brazilian dance), breeze (light wind), cabin, caste, cobra (hood), Creole, dodo (fool - from the silly appearance of the bird), embarrass, emu, fetish, flamingo, Lambada (Brazilian dance), marmalade, massage (dough - because dough is kneaded), molasses, palaver, port (a drink named after its town of origin)
Potawatomi (North American Indian)
Chicago (City in US - skunk)
Provençal (Southern France)
amour, ballad, beret, boutique, capstan, cavalier, charade, cocoon, crusade, escargot, fig, lingo, limousine (named after its place of origin), minstrel, nougat, nutmeg, perfume, pilgrim (foreign), salad, sonnet (little song), troubadour, truffle
Quechua (Peru - The Inca Language)
cocoa, condor, gaucho (poor person), guanaco, guano, Inca, jerky (dried), jumper, llama, maté (tea made from cocoa leaves), pampa, puma, quinine, totora, vicuña
avalanche (descend)
Romanian (Romania)
Dracula (the snake), halvah, pastrami
Romani (Europe - The Gypsy Language)
cosh, cove (man), pal (brother), gigolo
Russian (Russia and Central Asia)
balalaika, bistro (fast), cosmonaut, dacha (villa), intelligentsia, mammoth, pogrom, rouble, samovar (self boil), soviet (council), steppe, troika, tsar, vodka (little water)
Sabine (Extinct Language of Pre-Roman Italy)
lacri- (tear), lingua (tongue)
Sámi (Lapland)
tundra
Sanskrit (Extinct Language of India)
Aryan (noble), ashram, Banyan (Indian tree associated with the story of the Buddha), beryl, bhaji (to fry), brilliant (cat's eye), camphor, candy (crystalised sugar), crimson, ginger, guru (teacher), hemp, indigo, lacquer, mandarin (counsellor), mantra, musk (scrotum - similar in shape to the deer's scent bag), Nile (Egyptian river - blue), nirvana, opal, orange, pepper, Punjab (Indian state; Pakistani province - five rivers), raja, Singapore (Asian City State - lion city), sugar, swastika (luck - the swastika was originally a Buddhist symbol for luck), yoga
Serbian (Balkans)
vampire
Shona (Zimbabwe)
mbira (musical instrument), Zimbabwe (name of ancient capital)
Shoshone (North American Indian)
Idaho (US state - light on the mountain)
Sinhalese (Sri Lanka)
beriberi, rogue (savage elephant living apart from the herd), tourmaline (a mineral)
Sioux (North American Indian)
Dakota (US state - friend), Kansas (US state - land of the south wind people), Minnesota (US state - sky blue waters), tepee (dwelling)
Sotho (South Africa and Lesotho)
milo (a type of maize)
Spanish (Spain and Latin America)
adobe, alligator (the lizard), America (named after a Spanish map maker), Argentina (little silver), armada, armadillo, balsa, barricade, bonanza (prosperity), bribe, canyon, cargo (I carry), Colorado (US state - colour red), comrade (room sharer), Costa Rica (rich coast), Ecuador (equator), embargo, Florida (US state - flowers), guerrilla, guitar, hacienda, junta, lagoon, lasso, lunch (a slice of food), matador (killer), patio, Puerto Rico (rich port), renegade (denier), rodeo, rusk, sarsaparilla, sherry (named after its place of origin), siesta, silo (corn pit), sombrero (shadow), stampede, tornado, Trinidad (trinity), tuna, vanilla, Venezuela (little Venice)
Sumerian (Extinct Language of Sumerian and Babylonian Empires)
abyss, cane (reed)
Swahili (East Africa)
bwana (master), dengue (a fever)
Swedish (Scandinavia)
boulder, dahlia, flounder, kink, lug (pull), mink, moped, orienteering, slag, smorgasbord, scuffle, spry, Tungsten (heavy stone), wicker
Swiss French (Switzerland)
chalet, cretin (deformed idiot of the valleys), glacier, moraine, serac (tower of ice)
Swiss German (Switzerland)
bivouac, muesli (little pap)
Syriac (Extinct Language of Ancient Syria)
abbey, abbot (father), Arsenic (gold), damask, damson, Mammon (the god of wealth), muslin (linen from Mosul)
Tagalog (Northern Philippines)
boondocks (mountain - slang for a remote place)
Tahitian (Pacific)
tattoo
Taino (Caribbean)
cassava, guava, hammock, hurricane, manatee, potato, savannah
Tartar (Crimean)
shashlik (a type of kebab)
Tamil (South India)
anaconda (having killed an elephant), catamaran (bound wood), corundum, curry, mango, mulligatawny (pepper and water), pariah (outcast), poppadom
Telugu (South India)
mongoose
Temne (Sierra Leone, West Africa)
cola (a type of nut used to make a drink)
Thai (Thailand)
Siamese
Tibetan (Tibet, Nepal, India)
lama, sherpa (eastern dweller), yak, yeti
Tongan (Pacific)
taboo
Trinidadian English (Trinidad)
limbo (the dance)
Tswana (Botswana)
tsetse (the fly responsible for sleeping sickness)
Tupi (Peruvian and Brazilian Indian)
buccaneer, cashew, cayenne, coati, manioc, maraca, petunia, piranha, tanager (a South American bird), tapioca, tapir
Turkish (Turkey, Cyprus, Central Asia)
baklava, bridge (the card game, from bir-uch - one three), caftan, caviar, kebab (meat on a skewer; shish = skewer; donner = turning), Urdu (camp because it was the language of military camps), tulip, yoghurt
Ukrainian (Ukraine and The Black Sea)
balaclava (named after the town where first used), Cossack (Kazakh), hetman (Cossak leader)
Urdu (Pakistan and North India)
balti (bucket - a type of cooking), Pakistan (land of the pure), purdah (curtain), Rajasthan (Indian state - land of kings)
Walloon French (Southern Belgium)
rabbit
Welsh (Wales)
Arthur, clutter, corgi, crowd, crumpet, cwm (valley), flannel, flimsy, javelin, maggot, Merlin, penguin (white head)
Wiradhuri (Australia)
billabong (waterhole), kookaburra (a type of bird)
Wolof (Senegal, West Africa)
banana, chigger (a type of insect), yam
Yiddish (Europe, Israel, North America)
bagel, chutzpah (great impudence), glitch, glitz (glitter), nosh (to nibble secretly), schmaltz, schmuck (penis), scram
impala (an antelope), mamba (a poisonous snake)
 |
Voltar ao começo da página |
 |
Voltar à página principal |
 |